July 28 has been the backdrop for events that changed governments, advanced civil rights, and reshaped the modern world. Here are a few notable moments from this day in history:
1821 – Peru Declares Independence
Peru officially declared its independence from Spain, marking a major milestone in South America’s struggle for freedom under the leadership of José de San Martín.
1868 – Fourteenth Amendment Officially Adopted
The 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was certified, granting citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States and guaranteeing equal protection under the law. It remains one of the nation’s most significant constitutional amendments.
1914 – World War I Begins
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia one month after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, triggering a chain of alliances that led to the outbreak of World War I.
1945 – B-25 Bomber Strikes the Empire State Building
A U.S. Army B-25 bomber flying in dense fog crashed into the Empire State Building in New York City, killing 14 people and injuring dozens more.
1958 – Congress Passes the National Aeronautics and Space Act
Congress approved legislation creating NASA, establishing the civilian space agency that would soon lead America’s exploration of space. The agency officially began operations later that year.
1976 – Tangshan Earthquake Devastates China
One of the deadliest earthquakes in recorded history struck Tangshan, China. The disaster claimed hundreds of thousands of lives and reshaped the city.
2005 – IRA Ends Armed Campaign
The Irish Republican Army announced it was formally ending its armed campaign and would pursue its goals through peaceful means, marking a significant moment in the Northern Ireland peace process.
